Varieties and types of cabbage with photos and descriptions

The variety of types and varieties of cabbage are united by the main factors: it is low in calories and rich in nutrients. Each variety has its own advantages and disadvantages and requirements for agricultural cultivation technology. Studying the properties and indicators of productive varieties will allow you to choose the appropriate ones. We offer a description of all types and some varieties with photos and names.

The best varieties of white cabbage

Choice varieties of white cabbage based on:

• suitability for cultivating a particular variety in your region;
• frost resistance, resistance to temperature changes;
• growing conditions;
• immunity to diseases;
• Areas of use.

For open ground

For growing in open ground Suitable varieties of white cabbage of any ripening period, meeting the following requirements:

• cold resistance and frost resistance;
• large heads of cabbage or wide rosette of leaves;
• maintaining the integrity of the head of cabbage during prolonged wet weather.

Three heroes

Ripening time to biological ripeness - 140–160 days. The rounded head of green color has a dense structure; due to the presence of a waxy coating, the upper leaves are slightly gray. The root system is powerful. The weight of the heads is 10–15 kg, the yield is 30–50 kg/m². Shelf life - up to 9 months.

Advantages:

• large size - the diameter of the heads of cabbage reaches 50 cm;
• resistance to temperature changes;
• crack resistance;
• low maintenance requirements;
• possibility of mechanical harvesting.

Flaws:

• demands on watering;
• disease prevention is mandatory.

Variety suitable for two-year cultivation for the purpose of obtaining seeds.

Kevin F1

Ultra-early self-pollinating hybrid with a ripening period of 50–54 days. The forks are round, dense, hard, light green in color, light yellow when cut. Thanks to the compact rosette, the crop requires less growing space. The weight of the heads is 1.5–2 kg, the yield reaches 12 kg/m² due to denser planting. Storage of vegetables at a temperature of +2...+4°C - up to 3 months.

Advantages of Kevin cabbage:

• frost-resistant (down to -7°C);
• suitable for growing in a greenhouse or using non-woven material;
• Resistant to cracking and disease.

Flaws:

• does not tolerate drought;
• demanding care;
• Heads of cabbage are suitable for use only fresh.

Keel resistant

Clubroot - a disease that forms growths on the roots of cabbage - leads to the death of the plant. The fungal spores that cause the lesion are found in the soil and are spread by rainwater or during irrigation.

Miracle for F1 record

Late-ripening hybrid bred by Dutch breeders, has a ripening period of 150–160 days. A flat-round head of cabbage of gray-green color, milky white when cut. The weight of the forks reaches 20 kg, subject to the rules of agricultural technology, the average weight is 10–15 kg. On 1 m², under favorable weather conditions, up to 60 kg of selected crop grows. Shelf life - up to 6 months.

Advantages:

• large size and weight of heads of cabbage;
• resistance to clubroot and fusarium;
• resistance to temperature changes;
• frost resistance (down to -5°C);
• immunity to pest damage.

Flaws:

• unsuitable for growing in a greenhouse due to its large size;
• demanding on soil acidity and lighting;
• demanding when it comes to watering: if there is a lack of moisture, heads of cabbage will not set;
• needs hilling or gartering as the stalk grows.

Culture suitable for growing in regions with unstable weather conditions.

Galaxy F1

The hybrid of Dutch selection matures in 165–180 days. The heads of cabbage are flattened, dark green, and white-yellow when cut. It is distinguished by the uniformity of the ripened harvest. Fork weight – 3.2–4.6 kg, yield – 5–7 kg/m². Shelf life is up to 10–12 months.

Advantages:

• resistant to cracking and disease;
• undemanding to care and soil quality;
• little susceptible to pest damage;
• withstands frosts (seedlings - up to -5°C, adult plants - up to -8°C);
• long shelf life of the crop without loss of taste.

According to gardeners, Galaxy F1 cabbage has no disadvantages.

Early

Early ripening cabbage intended for fresh consumption. The harvested crop is not stored for long.

Reference. Such varieties are suitable for continuous production of fresh crops throughout the season. In this case, the seeds of the first batch are planted in mid-March, and then with a break of 1–1.5 months.

Dot

Ripening at 90–110 days. The forks are smooth green, with a waxy coating, weighing 0.7–1.7 kg, with a diameter of up to 15–18 cm. The head of cabbage is yellowish-white when cut, with no hard veins. Productivity - 3–7 kg/m². Storage - up to 2 months.

Main advantages:

• does not crack even in wet weather;
• resistant to blackleg disease.

Flaws:

• demanding of lighting, growth is stunted in a shaded area;
• not frost-resistant;
• medium or low density of heads;
• unsuitable for transportation;
• the outer stalk up to 12 cm long requires hilling.

Express F1

An early ripe hybrid reaches technical ripeness in 60 days, biological - in 80–95 days. The head is small in size, round in shape, medium density, white when cut. The rosette of leaves is raised, the stalk is short. The leaves are thin, with a delicate structure. Fork weight – 0.9–1.7 kg, yield – 3.3–4 kg/m². Shelf life - up to 1 month.

Advantages:

• resistant to cracking;
• unpretentious to grow.

Flaws:

• requires treatment of adult plants from diseases and pests;
• the harvest is little stored.

Note! Grow cabbage Express only seedling method.

Spitz

This variety of white cabbage is distinguished by a cone-shaped, pointed head., soft structure and delicate taste of the leaves. Contains a large amount of vitamins and microelements. The ripening period is 90–100 days, the weight of vegetables is up to 2 kg, the shelf life of the crop is up to 3 months.

Advantages:

• suitable for fermentation;
• contains up to 9–12% iodine of the daily requirement.

Flaws:

• high cost of seeds;
• increased requirements for care and disease prevention;
• low transportability.

Varieties of Spitz cabbage with medium ripening periods have been developed.

Akira F1

Ultra-early hybrid, ripening period to technical and biological ripeness - 48–52 days. The heads of cabbage are dense, compact, spherical, brightly colored, weighing 1.7–2.3 kg each. Productivity - 6–8 kg/m².

Advantages:

• crack resistance;
• immunity to blackleg and gray rot;
• small stump - up to 5 cm;
• tolerates planting density well.

Flaws:

• unstable to temperature changes;
• does not tolerate drought.

Mid-season

General features of mid-season varieties - long shelf life (up to 6 months) and the sweetish taste of vegetables.

Siberian 60

Bred in 1964 specifically for cultivation in Siberia and the northern regions of Russia. Ripening period is 115–130 days. The heads of cabbage are dense, round, up to 25 cm in diameter, and white when cut. The upper leaves are wrinkled, dark green, with a pronounced waxy coating. Outer stump - up to 12 cm. Vegetable weight - 2–4.3 kg. Productivity - up to 10 kg/m² Storage - up to 4 months.

Advantages:

• frost-resistant (seedlings - up to -7°C), tolerates temperature changes;
• undemanding to sunlight and nutrition;
• The heads of cabbage are suitable for fresh consumption and pickling.

The variety requires watering: when dry, it loses its taste, when over-moistened it is easily susceptible to diseases, and when watered unevenly it is prone to cracking.

Unsuitable for cultivation in southern regions Russia.

Russian size

Mid-early variety with a growing season of 115–130 days. The leaf rosette is large, up to 80 cm in diameter. The heads of cabbage are round, dense, light green, with a waxy coating, and white when cut. The taste is sweet, there are notes of bitterness in the leaves adjacent to the stump. The average weight of heads of cabbage is 4 kg, when grown in the southern regions of Russia - up to 12–15 kg. Productivity - from 20 kg/m².

Advantages:

• large size of heads of cabbage, high yield;
• versatility of use: vegetables are good fresh, suitable for pickling.

According to the description and reviews, Russian size is demanding on lighting and watering.

Late ripening

Late ripening varieties are suitable for long-term storage and pickling in autumn and winter. Let's look at what late-ripening varieties are.

Langedijker

Ripening period is 145–170 days. The heads of cabbage are dense, oval, dark green. Fork weight is 2.2–4.5 kg, yield is up to 10 kg/m². Shelf life without loss of taste at a temperature of +2...+6°C is up to 10 months.

Advantages:

• sweet taste;
• resistance to cracking and bacteria.

Variety prone to carina.

Extra F1

Biological ripeness occurs 154–170 days after emergence. The rosette of the plant is raised, up to 60 cm in diameter. The head of cabbage is dense, dark green, with a waxy coating and a faint purple tint, yellow-white in cross section. Outer stump - up to 15 cm. Vegetable weight - 2.5–3.2 kg, yield - 5–7 kg/m². Shelf life: 6–9 months.

Advantages:

• resistance to gray rot and fusarium;
• possibility of mechanized cleaning;
• evenness of heads of cabbage.

Disadvantages of Cabbage Extra:

• the need for hilling;
• leaf hardness.

Zeno F1

The ripening period of the hybrid is 150–180 days. The head of cabbage is round, light green in color, white when cut. The leaves are medium hard, thin. Fork weight - 2-3 kg, yield - up to 15 kg/m². The shelf life of Zenon cabbage is 8-9 months.

Advantages:

• good taste without bitterness;
• resistance to spot necrosis, fusarium and thrips;
• suitability for mechanized harvesting and cleaning;
• the spreading rosette suppresses the development of weeds.

No disadvantages.

Snow Maiden F1

Ripening period: 150–170 days. The heads of cabbage are round, light green, with a waxy coating, and snow-white when cut. The average weight is 3.2–5.2 kg, but if agricultural practices are followed, vegetables grow up to 10 kg. Productivity - 6–12 kg/m².

Advantages:

• lack of bitterness in taste;
• low maintenance requirements;
• resistance to diseases.

No disadvantages. The hybrid was obtained for cultivation in Siberia and the Urals.

Shelf life - 12 monthsuntil the new harvest is harvested.

Crewmont F1

Hybrid with a ripening period of 160–175 days. The rosette of the plant reaches 75–85 cm in diameter.The heads of cabbage are round or rounded-flat, smooth, green, with a strong waxy coating. When cut, the flesh is white. The outer stump is up to 24 cm, the inner one is thin, up to 7 cm. The weight of the forks is 2.1–2.5 kg, in the southern regions they grow up to 4.5–5 kg. Productivity - 5–8 kg/m². It has a bitter aftertaste, which disappears as the vegetables are stored (after 3-4 months). Shelf life is up to 8–10 months.

Advantages:

• uniform ripening;
• resistance to necrosis and rot;
• suitability for winter pickling;
• crack resistance.

Crewmont requires constant hilling.

As cabbs are stored, the sugar content increases and the concentration of lactic acid increases. Sauerkraut prepared in winter has a mild taste and contains more vitamins.

Types of cabbage

Cabbage is a species of the genus Cabbage, which is divided into several varieties, represented by varieties of different ripening periods. They have simple leaves and a similar root system. Each requires agricultural technology that has minor differences.

White cabbage

White cabbage is the most common variety of the cabbage species. All its varieties have one characteristic - a head of cabbage formed from the leaves of the plant.

Contains a complex of vitamins A, K, PP, B6, B9 and minerals such as sodium, fluorine, potassium and calcium. Helps strengthen the immune system and eliminates the manifestations of vitamin deficiency.

Reference. Cabbage contains vitamin U, which strengthens the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum and reduces allergies.

The vegetable is used in the preparation of hot dishes, salads, for pickling and fermentation, fresh consumption and long-term storage. Cabbage juice is used in folk medicine and cosmetology.

Colored

Cauliflower — annual plant that reaches biological maturity in 130–210 days. The fruit is a dense head collected from inflorescences in the initial stage. The root system is located in the top layer of soil and often protrudes to the surface. The vegetable is white, yellowish or green depending on the variety.

Cabbage is approved for use in food for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, compared to white cabbage, contains less fiber (up to 2%). Rich in vitamins (C, E, H, D, PP and K), minerals (iron, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and selenium) and organic acids (malic, citric and tartronic). Used in preparing various dishes, suitable for pickling.

Common varieties and hybrids of cauliflower:

• Snowball;
• Shannon F1 - head of original shape, bright green;
• Collage F1 - 4 types of different colors: white, yellow, light green and purple.

Chinese

This is the common name for Chinese cabbage and bok choy. Both of these plants are varieties of turnips belonging to the genus Cabbage.

bok choy

Bok choy (leaf cabbage) is a separate variety of Chinese. It does not have a head of cabbage; edible leaves are formed around a central bud. It has a significantly smaller size compared to Chinese cabbage.

Rich in vitamins A, B, K and C, has a low calorie content - 14 kcal/100 g.

Important! Bok choy contains glucosinolates - secondary metabolites of the plant, which, when consumed frequently in large quantities, accumulate in the body and contribute to the exacerbation of chronic diseases.

Used for preparing salads and fresh consumption.

Beijing

Chinese cabbage (petsai, cabbage, Chinese lettuce) is a biennial herbaceous plant of the Brassica family. Succulent leaves form a loose oblong head weighing 0.1–0.4 kg and up to 60 cm high.

Rich in vitamins A and C, contains up to 2.5% fiber. It has a negative calorie content, that is, more calories are consumed to digest it than it contains (13–16 kcal/100 g).

When grown by seedlings, the first harvest is ready for consumption in early June. The culture is undemanding to agricultural technology. Such varieties and hybrids are grown in all regions of Russia:

• Vorozheya;
• Nika F1;
• Manoko F1.

Used for preparing salads and savory snacks and fresh consumption.

Brussels

Brussels sprouts - biennial variety of cabbage. In the first year of vegetation, it forms a thick stem with many heads of cabbage (30–50 pieces) with a diameter of up to 3 cm. They are a smaller copy of white cabbage.

The plant is resistant to temperature changes. Thanks to its powerful root system, it does not require frequent watering. Demanding on soil quality, needs regular fertilizing.

Common varieties and hybrids resistant to diseases:

• Hercules;
• Isabel;
• Franklin F1.

The vegetable contains vitamins A, C, PP, minerals and fiber. Calorie content - 43 kcal/100 g. Used for preparing various dishes and pickling.

Savoy

Savoy cabbage, like white cabbage, forms forks. Heavily corrugated thin leaves form loose soft heads.

In terms of the content of vitamins A, B6, and PP, it is superior to cabbage, but has similar agricultural technology.

Popular varieties and hybrids:

• Anniversary;
• Alaska F1;
• Golden early.

Not suitable for pickling, fermentation, pickling and long-term storage.

Red cabbage

Red cabbage differs from white cabbage only in color.: Its leaves are bright purple, with white veins.

The beneficial properties are due to the presence of anthocyanins in the composition - plant glycosides responsible for the color of the plant. They reduce the risk of inflammation in the body and prevent cell damage due to oxidation.

The best varieties:

• Ruby;
• Topaz;
• Langedijker ed.

Such cabbage is good for pickling, preparing various dishes and salads. Does not change taste when stored for 8–10 months.

Conclusion

Each type and variety of cabbage has its own advantages: long-term storage, excellent taste or increased content of vitamins that have a general strengthening effect on the body. For their cultivation, different sowing times, watering and nutrition requirements are provided. Compliance of the chosen species with climatic conditions and your own experience will allow you to grow a decent harvest.