Description and characteristics of the winter wheat variety “Bagrat”

Wheat is a popular food crop in Russia, which has beneficial health properties and is used in various areas of the economy. One of the most popular winter varieties is Bagrat. What did he do to deserve national recognition?

Description

Bagrat is a mid-early wheat variety with good grain quality and intensive spring growth. The grass is medium-sized - reaches a height of about 1 m.

Bagrat has increased resistance to:

• cold and frost;
• drought;
• lodging;
• shedding;
• diseases.

The spike is pyramidal in shape, medium density, reaches 11 cm in length. In the upper part there are spinous processes of 2–4 mm. The scales are ovoid, length - 9.5 mm, width - no more than 4.5 mm. The tooth is straight or slightly curved.

Origin story

Bagrat is an achievement of domestic breeders, employees of the Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture named after P. P. Lukyanenko. Since 2011, the cereal has been under state variety testing, and in 2015 it was officially registered.

Reference. The variety was obtained by backcrossing Moskovskaya 39 wheat with the Lutescens 201-93k3 line. It owes its name to its author, Bagrat Sandukhadze.

Features and taste

The grain is medium in size, elongated. It is bare at the base and does not have a deep groove.

Suitable for baking purposes. It has a bland taste with a slightly sweetish note due to the glucose it contains.

Advantages

The advantage of Bagrat wheat is high grain productivity, which is observed even in conditions of medium and low agricultural background.

The table shows comparison of popular crop varieties:

Characteristics

Bagrat - mid-early variety: the duration of the growing season is 219–278 days. The grain ripens 1–3 days earlier than that of the Pamyat and Aivina varieties.

Seeding rate: 5,000,000 viable seeds per 1 ha. As the grass grows, it occupies the entire field, suppressing weeds and shading the soil. Thanks to the shade created by the ears, the earth does not dry out.

Drought resistance

To assess the resistance of wheat varieties to drought, agronomists use a five-point scale. The lowest value is given to plants that die in arid climates. The highest scores are awarded to varieties that grow normally in such conditions.

Bagrat is highly drought resistant on par with the Memory standard.

By the way! The variety does not lodge and does not fall off. The last indicator is determined when the plant is standing still.

Disease resistance

Bagrat has strong immunity and is resistant to such diseases:

• dusty smut;
• brown and stem rust;
• powdery mildew.

Average susceptibility to:

• septoria;
• fusarium head blight;
• smut;
• yellow rust;
• leaf spot;
• viruses.

Cold tolerance

Frost resistance of Bagrat is above average for wheat, slightly inferior to the Don 107 standard. At a temperature of -15°C, 98% of plants are preserved. The variety is suitable for cultivation in the climatic conditions of the North Caucasus.

About other cereals:

What are the varieties of barley, their characteristics and descriptions

What varieties of rye are there?

Varieties and classification of Italian millet

Features of cultivation

Winter wheat has 2 active growing seasons: autumn and spring-summer. The first lasts 45–50 days. At this time, the vegetative organs of plants develop. The second stage takes 75–100 days and is characterized by the formation of generative organs.

Important! Seeds germinate at +1°C, but for successful germination the ambient temperature should be +12...+15°C. Good growth and development of plants occurs at +16...+22°C, grain filling - at +22...+25°C.

The seeds are planted 3–5 cm deep and the field is rolled. The later the sowing date, the closer to the surface the planting material is planted.

Bagrat wheat is sown in the usual row method. Row spacing is 15 cm.

Predecessors

Wheat is a very demanding crop when it comes to predecessors. It depends on what previously grew on the field how much the soil will be enriched with nutrients and moistened by the time of sowing. This also affects the quality of the crop.

Bagrat is planted after row-crop and eared predecessors.:

• perennial and annual herbs;
• pulses;
• corn for green fodder or silage;
• green manure, rocker and pure steam;
• buckwheat;
• rapeseed;
• early and mid-season potatoes.

Sowing after oats will protect wheat from root rot and saturate the soil with useful substances necessary for normal growth and development of plants.

Re-sowing winter cereal varieties in the same field is acceptable after 2 years. Otherwise, the risk of wheat being damaged by diseases and pests increases.

Important! Do not plant the crop after barley, otherwise the plants will suffer from root rot.

Landing dates

The optimal time for sowing winter wheat varieties such as Bagrat is September 10–20. If non-fallow predecessors were grown on the field before the cereal or the soil is not fertile, planting is carried out in early September.

On fertile soil and after fallow predecessors, grains are planted later so that by winter the plants do not overgrow and are less susceptible to attack by grain flies.

By wintering, the crop should have been vegetating for 55–60 days and form 2–4 full-fledged sprouts.

Read also:

What are the types and varieties of oats?

Features of rice cultivation in the Krasnodar region

Soil requirements

Winter varieties are characterized by increased demands on soil. They need highly fertile, structural soil, saturated with a sufficient amount of microelements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium).

The optimal pH is 6.0–7.5.

Reference. Chernozems are most suitable for sowing wheat.

The soil is pre-treated and ensured that it is:

• optimal density and structure;
• well aerated;
• moisturized;
• free from weeds;
• fertilized;
• leveled for sowing.

Care

Planting care includes fertilization, pest control and weed control.

Feeding

The rate of required fertilizers is calculated taking into account:

• predecessors;
• mechanical composition of the soil;
• degree of soil enrichment with micronutrients.

The effective rate of applying organic fertilizers for winter planting in occupied fallow is 20–30 t/ha.

Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers provide:

• proper development of seedlings;
• increased frost resistance;
• resistance to lodging;
• reducing the risk of disease;
• improvement of grain quality.

All necessary potassium fertilizers are applied for the main cultivation of the land. This also applies to phosphorus fertilizers: 10–20 kg of them are added when sowing. Nitrogen compounds applied in 3-4 doses also have a positive effect on the yield.

First early spring feeding carried out by the root method. The second is during the period when plants emerge into the tube to form a productive stem stand. The third - during the transition from earing to pouring grain.

Pest Control

Winter wheat crops are at risk of failure:

• harmful turtle;
• bread ground beetle;
• bread beetle;
• cereal fly;
• cereal aphids;
• wheat thrips;
• striped bread flea;
• red-breasted bird.

Various agrotechnical measures are carried out to combat pests, including cultivating the soil in a timely manner.

Important! Insecticides are used only in cases of significant insect infestation that threatens serious damage to the crop.

Crops are treated against cereal aphids, harmful bugs, beetles and thrips. “Zolon”, “Decis”, “Karate”.

Weed control

Among the weeds that harm winter cereals, meet:

• sow thistle;
• chamomile;
• blue cornflower;
• cleavers;
• Chickweed is medium.

Herbicides are used to control weeds: “Arkan”, “Bazagran”, “Starane”, “Dialen Super”, “Logran”, “Cowboy”, “Dikopur F”.

Reference. The harvest is harvested by combining when the grain is fully ripe and the moisture content is 14–17%.

Yield characteristics

The variety has good yield indicators. Krasnodar agronomists receive 88.7 centners of grain per 1 hectare when sowing wheat after corn for grain. After the spiked predecessor, Bagrat yields about 82.5 c/ha. The maximum figure - 84.3 c/ha - was obtained in the Stavropol Territory.

The yield of Bagrat wheat exceeds the Memory standard by an average of 9.6 c/ha.

Conclusion

Bagart is a popular winter wheat variety in Russia. The cereal produces high-quality grain, has strong immunity to diseases, and is resistant to drought, cold, lodging and shedding. Compliance with the rules of agricultural technology for grain crops ensures the production of high-quality grain.