Processing onions before planting before winter

Winter onions are processed using various technologies. This is done to obtain a healthy and high-quality harvest. What methods of preventing onion diseases exist and how to use them correctly will be discussed in the article.

The best varieties of winter onions

Planting onions before winter, pay attention to the regionalization of the variety. Southern heat-loving varieties are not suitable for these purposes. Typically, onions grown from their own seeds, the so-called nigella, are perfectly adapted to winter sowing.

Varieties suitable for planting before winter:

1. Stuttgarter Riesen – sharp in taste, keeps well, a little small.
2. Shakespeare is not as spicy, it stores a little worse, but the onions are larger.
3. Senshui – spicy, large, for long-term storage.
4. Arzamas - spicy, fits well, a bit small.
5. Danilovsky - sharp, well stored, smallish.
6. The radar, or Raider, is sharp and well stored.
7. Red Baron – spicy, for long-term storage.
8. Strigunovsky is sharp and stores well, but is small.
9. Sturon – sharp, keeps well.
10. Ellan is sweet in taste and stores well.

Optimal timing for planting before winter

Each region will have its own planting dates. You should choose the time to plant onions before the soil freezes.. In this case, the bulb will have time to take root, but will not have time to germinate.

Important! Onions take one to two weeks to germinate.

If the onion grows 1-2 cm, there is nothing to worry about, but if the feather height is higher than 5 cm, it will not be able to survive the winter. That's why it's so important to choose the right time.

Pay attention to the climate conditions in your region. Monitor your temperature for a week. If it stays at +5°C... +7°C and gradually drops to 0°C, then it’s time to plant winter onions.

Optimal planting dates for regions of Russia:

• Central region - from the end of September until the second half of October;
• Siberia and the Urals - until the last days of September;
• Southern regions – October-November.

Do I need to soak winter onions before planting in the fall?

To get an excellent healthy onion harvest, gardeners do soaking. This is necessary to disinfect the bulb against diseases. In winter, onions will be susceptible to fungal diseases due to high humidity. But be careful: if you soak the bulbs for too long, they will become oversaturated with moisture and freeze. Therefore, when disinfecting, choose preparations with a short soaking period.

Why process onions before planting in the fall?

Before boarding select healthy seed material. It must be clean and undamaged, up to 3 cm in diameter.

Important! Dry or sprouted bulbs are not suitable for planting.

Before planting begins in the fall, fertilizers are applied to the onions., the selected bulbs are processed. This is done to prevent diseases and obtain a high-quality harvest.

Advantages

There are various ways to process onions.

All of them are aimed at:

• protection from pests and diseases;
• reducing the formation of flower shoots;
• improving the quality of the crop;
• increase in crop size;
• increasing germination.

Optimal time for processing onions

Methods for processing onion sets before planting are different. These can be both chemicals and folk remedies. For 2-3 days, the seedlings should be heated by air, placing the bulbs near the radiator. This will help avoid the formation of arrows and inflorescences.

Chemical treatment is usually carried out 3-4 hours before planting in the ground. If you choose a folk remedy, then it is recommended to soak them in such solutions 30 minutes before planting.

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How and how to treat onions before planting before winter

Seed onions are processed before planting in the ground.. Treatment is carried out in order to prevent diseases and pests.

"Fitosporin"

Treatment with "Fitosporin" has a disinfecting effect. “Fitosporin” is a biological product based on microorganisms that has a prophylactic purpose against fungal and bacterial diseases. Systemic drug. This means that after entering the crop, it spreads through the vessels of the plant and begins to treat diseases.

"Fitosporin" prevents bacteriosis, downy mildew, various types of rot. The biological product has no harmful effects on pests and is available in the form of powder, paste and liquid. Dry and pasty mixtures are pre-soaked in water for two hours.

Important! It is recommended to use filtered water for preparing mixtures. In chlorinated water, the bacteria included in the drug will die.

To prepare the solution From the powder, take 10 g of the mixture per 500 ml of water.

The paste solution is prepared in two stages:

1. To begin with, make a concentrate at the rate of 100 g of paste per 200 ml of water. The main thing in preparing the concentrate is to maintain the proportions 1:2.
2. Final solution: 3 tbsp. l. concentrate per 200 ml of water.

A solution of liquid “Fitosporin” is diluted at the rate of 10 drops per 200 ml of water.

The bulbs are sprayed with the prepared solution before planting or soaked 2 hours before planting in the ground. There is no need to rinse the bulbs after processing.

Important! Treatment with the drug is carried out either indoors or in cloudy weather. The solution should not be exposed to direct sunlight - this can lead to the death of the bacteria included in the preparation.

Potassium permangantsovka

Treatment with potassium permanganate is popular among summer residents. She has an antiseptic effect.

Useful properties of potassium permanganate solution:

• protects seed material from wintering pests;
• helps prevent infection with fungal diseases;
• Serves as a foliar fertilizer and accelerates the rooting of bulbs.

To soak seed onions, a weak solution of potassium permanganate is required.: 1 g of powder per 1 liter of water. The onions are placed in the resulting liquid for 30 minutes, then planted in the ground.

Important! After treatment with the solution, the onions are not rinsed or dried.

Salt or soda solution

GThe main advantage of this method processing - its cheapness and availability.

Treatment with saline solution prevents infection with stem and onion nematodes and fungal diseases.

For saline solution take 1 tbsp. l. table salt per 1 liter of water. Soak the seed onions in the resulting liquid for 10-20 minutes. Salt is sometimes replaced with baking soda. The rules for preparing a solution from soda are the same.

Copper sulfate

Copper sulfate is produced in powder form.A blue, odorless substance. Has a disinfecting effect.

Treatment with copper sulfate prevents infection of the crop with fungal diseases.

Important! The substance has toxic properties.

When preparing the solution From copper sulfate, take 30 g of powder per 10 liters of warm water, mix thoroughly. Onion sets are soaked for 2-3 hours in the resulting liquid, after which they are dried and planted in the ground.

Ash

Wood ash solution - natural growth stimulator. It contains a large number of useful chemical elements.

Treatment with ash solution hinders education cervical rot, fusarium bottom rot, green mold rot, aspergillosis.

To obtain a solution 250 g of wood ash are dissolved in 5 liters of water. The onion is soaked for 5-7 minutes in the resulting liquid. Then dry in the open air for 2-3 hours. The onions are ready to plant.

"Epin-Extra"

"Epin-Extra" - it is a plant phytohormone. Helps the plant adapt to climatic conditions and serves as a top dressing.

Beneficial features:

• helps the plant cope with stress factors: temperature changes, frosts;
• stimulates growth and development;
• strengthens the root system;
• helps to increase green mass.

To prepare the solution from Epin, 5 drops of the drug are diluted in 0.5 liters of water. Lower the onions for 10-15 minutes, then plant them in the ground.

Ammonium nitrate

Ammonium nitrate solution has a disinfectant effect. Used against pests, diseases, strengthens the root system.

To prepare the solution, use warm water. Take 3 g of ammonium nitrate per 10 liters of water, soak the onion for 10-15 minutes.

Birch tar

The use of a solution of birch tar is a folk remedy and does not cause any harm to humans and nature. Has an antiseptic effect.

The use of birch tar prevents the appearance of fungal diseases, putrefactive bacteria, onion fly.

The day before soaking the bulbs must be warmed at temperatures up to +38°C. The solution is prepared at the rate of 1 tbsp. l. tar per 1 liter of warm water. Let the onion sit for 2-3 hours, stirring occasionally.

Important! Before soaking, remove the old skins from the onions and cut off the tops.

Kerosene

Kerosene has an unpleasant pungent odor, which repels onion flies and other pests.

Kerosene based solution: 1 tbsp. l. kerosene per 5 liters of water.

Important! Do not soak onions in kerosene solution.

The prepared mixture is poured onto the soil prepared for planting onions.

What other ways are there to prepare winter onions for planting?

Before treating bulbs with drugs against diseases and pests, the sowing goes through the stages of preparation:

• selection of healthy and whole bulbs;
• drying and ventilation;
• preventive treatment.

Sorting and drying

Required storage temperature of onion sets: +18°C. But it is not always possible to comply with this. Onions stored at low temperatures do not form large bulbs and will go into arrows.

That's why a couple of weeks before planting, the onions are dried and ventilated after winter storage. To do this, it is enough to keep the onion for 14-20 days at a temperature of +20°C.

During the sorting process, onions go through several stages:

• selection of bulbs with a diameter of up to 3 cm;
• selection of healthy, not flaccid and uninjured bulbs;
• removal of dry husks;
• trimming dry tops.

Warming up

Method prevents the formation of onion shoots, stimulates the growth of the root system. Sometimes it helps against powdery mildew infection.

Warming up the bulbs begins 10 hours before planting at a temperature of +40°C. You can warm it up by laying out the seeds near radiators and other heating devices.

Hardening

If you don’t have time to warm up for a long time, then you can use an express processing method - hardening. To do this, prepare water at a temperature of +45°C to +50°C and immerse the bulbs in it for 15 minutes. Then soak for the same time in cold water.

The procedure increases the immunity of the crop and helps acclimatize the seed.

Soak

The easiest and most convenient way to prepare onions for planting is to soak them in plain water.. The seedlings are kept in hot water (+50°C) for 10-15 minutes, without the use of any drugs or fertilizers.

How to properly prepare the soil and cultivate beds

Onions love loose neutral soils.

When placing a bulb bed, consider these nuances:

• choose a well-lit place;
• do not allow water to stagnate;
• the predecessors should be carrots, potatoes, tomatoes, cabbage.

A few days before landing the soil is dug up with the addition of organic fertilizers.

Before planting, disinfection measures are carried out - spill the beds with a solution of copper sulfate: 2 tbsp. l. for 10 liters of water. Then they begin to plant the prepared onions.

Tips and tricks

Experienced farmers recommend complex processing of onions:

1. Organize a continuous process of onion processing, where first there is heating, then treatment with copper sulfate or manganese solution. This will kill fungal spores on the surface of the bulbs or prevent them from being affected if the pathogen is in the ground.
2. Do not feed onions with fresh manure during planting. It causes cultural diseases.
3. To increase germination energy, it is recommended to soak the seeds in a solution of complex fertilizer.
4. Be sure to sort the planting material before planting.

Conclusion

There are various ways to process onions before sowing. But you shouldn't use them all at once. Choose the option that suits you best. Follow the instructions and rules of agricultural technology, and the crop will thank you with an excellent harvest!