What is the onion yield per 1 hectare and how to increase it

Onions are used in many daily dishes. Onions are grown on an industrial scale and in personal gardens and farms. The yield of this irreplaceable vegetable depends on the care and growing conditions.

Average onion yield per 1 ha

The yield of onion sets in different regions varies from 40 to 150 kg per 1 ha, sometimes the figures reach 200 centners per hectare. Before storage, the sets are sorted by size and the discards are separated - bulbs more than 3 cm in diameter.

Onions are harvested after the leaves have fallen, the necks have dried and dry scales have formed.. During rainy weather, the vegetable is harvested when the leaves are not ripe, preventing secondary growth of the root system. Farmers sell the unripe heads for quick consumption, while the rest are sorted for culling and marketable bulbs.

Onions for greens begin to be harvested 20-27 days after plantingwhen the feathers reach 33-45 cm. This yield can be 15-20 kg per 1 m².

What does the indicator depend on?

Yields are affected storage conditions and processing of bulbs before planting.

Important! Low temperatures during storage of seedlings become one of the reasons for the formation of arrows on the feathers.

It is recommended to store onions at a temperature of about +20°C for several weeks before planting., and before planting, keep for 10-15 hours at a high temperature - up to +40°C. A battery or heat gun is used for heating.

Before planting for disinfection and prevention of fungal diseases bulbs withstand about half an hour in a dark pink solution of potassium permanganate. After washing, the onions are planted.

Onions are cold weather resistant. It can tolerate spring and autumn frosts, but the seedlings die at temperatures of -3...-4°C. The optimal temperature for green growth is +16…+27°C; it can withstand frosts down to -8°C and heat over +30°C.

Onions are demanding of light and need intense lighting. And especially when grown from seeds. Plants consume the most moisture during the first growing season; dry and hot weather is needed for the bulbs to ripen. Soil fertility is one of the key points. Fertilized and cleared of weeds areas are allocated for this crop. After digging, the soil is fed with urea, potassium chloride and manure.

Reference. After fertilization, the soil should have a reaction close to neutral (pH 6.4-7.9).

Onions are sown according to the rules of crop rotation. Any variety of crop grows well where corn or cabbage was planted last year. Onions are planted in their original place no earlier than three years later.

To optimize the watering process, farmers use drip irrigation. Turning on the hydraulic distributor for 15 minutes a day increases the crop yield by 2-3 times compared to conventional sprinkling.

How many onions can be harvested from 1 hectare, depending on the growing region

Onions are grown in all regions of the country - from Siberia to the Krasnodar Territory. Taking into account the characteristics of the region, varieties and hybrids are selected that correspond to the type of local soil, with a suitable ripening period, taste properties, and bulb sizes.

The most “onion” regions of Russia are the Volgograd and Astrakhan regions. The share of areas allocated for sowing crops in these areas of the total volume of onion plantations in the country is 24.7% and 14.6%, respectively.

Here, the yield of onions averages from 12-15 to 25-30 tons per 1 ha. The maximum you can collect is 70-80 tons from 1 hectare. The average yield of sowing is 8-9 tons per 1 hectare, and the maximum is 13-18 tons per 1 hectare.

How to increase onion yield

To increase crop productivity, follow several rules:

1. The soil is fed with potassium-phosphorus fertilizers. This increases the size of the bulbs and has a positive effect on the taste and abundance of the harvest.
2. If there is excess nitrogen in the soil, the density of the bulb will decrease and there is a risk of rotting. Therefore, organic matter is not used for feeding.
3. Do not plant plants in swampy, clayey or acidic soil. To reduce acidity, lime is added to the soil at the rate of 300 ml per 1 m².
4. Onions are not planted after root crops and potatoes, nightshades, and other bulbous plants. Optimal predecessors are cabbage, leaf parsley, pumpkin and radishes.
5. Legumes are not planted next to onions.

The best yielding varieties:

1. Early farmer. From the moment of germination to the lodging of the feather, 80-90 days pass. The variety is annual, grown from seeds.
2. Radar. Easy and unpretentious to grow, suitable as a winter crop. The harvest of this variety is abundant, well stored and transported.
3. Karatalsky. The early ripening variety is characterized by high yield even in arid climates and low soil fertility.
4. Centurion. It is considered the best among Dutch varieties. Cultivated in cold and hot climates.
5. Hercules. The advantages of this variety are long-term storage without significant loss of taste properties and abundant yield - up to 10 kg per 1 m².
6. Chalcedony. The advantage of the variety is its high content of carotene, folic acid and essential oil. Under favorable conditions, up to 5 kg can be harvested from 1 m².

Experienced gardeners To increase productivity, they use some tricks. For example, water the plants abundantly only until the bulbs form. After this, the watering rate is reduced, and three weeks before harvest it is stopped completely. The soil in the beds is mulched so that the soil layer does not crack or become compacted.

Attention! After the second thinning, the onions are fed with an infusion of mullein or bird droppings.

Onion sets, planted before winter, are grown on high ridgesso that in the spring it does not get wet from melt water.

Conclusion

Onions are an important vegetable crop in the Russian culinary tradition. In addition, the vegetable has healing properties. Growing onions is not a very labor-intensive process, but to get a good harvest, it is important to follow the rules of agricultural technology, use suitable varieties and responsibly store planting material.