Characteristics and description of early grape varieties
Early and super-early grape varieties have always been in demand among Russian summer residents - ripe and juicy fruits ripen quickly, without having to wait for autumn. Light varieties are valued for their versatility in use and unpretentiousness, while pink varieties are valued for their attractive appearance and delicate flesh. Blue grapes are grown to make wine and champagne; the fruits are used to make raisins or winter preparations. Let's look at the descriptions of popular early grape varieties and make a rating of the best.
Early grape varieties
The ripening period of early varieties is 100–110 days. They are grown in the south and north of Russia, as well as in the middle zone. Summer residents value early grapes for their early fruiting - the first harvest is harvested at the end of July or beginning of August.
In terms of taste and commercial qualities, they do not differ from mid-season or late varieties: the fruits are suitable for processing, preservation, fresh consumption, transportation and sale. When planting early-ripening grapes, it is important to pay attention to the composition of the soil and the space allocated for the plant.
Helios
This early-ripening table variety is frost-resistant and is rarely affected by fungal and viral diseases, which is why it is grown in all regions of the country. The bushes are medium-sized, the leaves are large, and there is slight pubescence on the surface of the plate. The flowers are bisexual, so the yield does not depend on weather conditions and pollinating insects.
The clusters are dense, conical, weighing about 500 g. The berries are large, obtuse-ovate, pink in color.The pulp is dense and juicy, the taste is sweet-nutmeg, the juice is colorless. Tasting rating of fresh fruits - 9 points. Grow grapes Helios for personal use and sale.
Early TSHA
The universal variety ripens in 100–110 days, is easy to care for, and is widespread in all regions of Russia. The bushes are medium-sized, the vine is strong and elastic, there is slight pubescence. The clusters are cylindrical-conical in shape, weighing about 75 g, of medium density. The berries are round, blue-black in color. The skin is medium thick and has a waxy coating. The yield of the variety is about 3.5 kg per bush per season. Juice and wine are prepared from grapes, the berries are consumed fresh or dried for the winter.
Russian early
Early Russian ripens in 105–115 days. The plant is tall and requires staking to trellises. Frost resistance of the variety is down to -23°C. The berries ripen smoothly and do not fall off or crack. The clusters are cylindrical, with a sharp tip, medium density, weight per one - 300-500 g. The berries are round-oval, weigh 8-10 g, the flesh is dense and crispy. The taste is sweet, with a pleasant aftertaste and rich aroma.
Early Russian is a fast-growing variety - summer residents collect the first harvest 3-4 years after planting. The grapes are resistant to mildew and powdery mildew, and are rarely damaged by wasps and spider mites. It is unpretentious in cultivation, the fruits are suitable for fresh consumption.
Extra early varieties of white grapes
The ripening period of very early varieties is 90–105 days. White grapes are valued for their tasty pulp, thin skin, and lack of seeds. For planting, it is recommended to choose early-fruiting and self-fertile varieties that rarely get sick and are frost-resistant.
Bazhena
Harvest in the first ten days of August.The bushes are lush, of medium height, and look original on the site. The flowers are bisexual, the leaves are medium dark green. The clusters are large, weighing 500–700 g, dense, cylindrical or conical in shape. The berries are elongated-ovoid, average weight - 13 g, yellow-green color, thin transparent skin. The taste is harmonious and sweet.
Bazhena is valued for its immunity to mildew and rapid and friendly ripening of shoots. The berries are eaten fresh or used in the preparation of desserts, drinks, baked goods, and winter preparations.
Hercules
The Hercules variety, popular in the middle zone and northern regions, is frost-resistant - it can withstand temperatures down to -35°C. The plant is medium-sized, the flowers are bisexual. Ripening period is 95–105 days. The clusters are conical, loose, weigh 500–800 g, some specimens reach 1 kg. The berries are large, round, pinkish-pale or yellow. The skin is medium thick, the flesh is juicy and tender, the taste is sweet. The berries are transportable and can be stored for up to 1 month after harvesting.
Attention! To increase productivity, summer residents form grapevines, that is, they give the plant the desired shape. There are several ways to form bushes, the most common and universal are multi-arm fan or cordon.
Rusbol
The ripening period for Rusbol table grapes is 110 days. The bushes are medium-sized, the inflorescences on the shoots appear early. The fruiting period is extended - summer residents harvest within 2-3 weeks. The variety is frost-resistant down to -25°C, and is immune to mildew and rot. Rusbol does not need shelter for the winter, which makes caring for it easier. The clusters are large, weighing 400–600 g, the berries grow close to each other. The fruits are oval, white, the flesh is dense and fleshy. The taste is pleasant, sugary, without bitterness or sourness.Productivity - up to 10 kg per plant.
Rusbol brushes do not attract insects, including wasps and slugs. One of the advantages is the fruitfulness of the eyes - each produces a shoot on which large and juicy berries ripen. It is recommended to consume the crop fresh.
The earliest varieties of pink grapes
Pink grapes attract summer residents with their appearance - vines with berries will decorate any garden. The taste of the fruit is sweet and harmonious, its purpose is universal. Pink varieties are grown throughout Russia.
Gurzuf pink
The bushes are medium-sized, the leaves are medium-sized, slightly dissected. The vine ripens quickly. The clusters are cylindrical, winged, weigh up to 250 g. The berries are round, white-pink in color, with red streaks. The skin is dense, the flesh is juicy and fleshy. The taste is sweet, with a nutmeg aroma.
Gurzuf pink is recommended for the North Caucasus region, resistant to oidium, mildew and gray rot. Frost resistance - down to -25°C. The tasting score for wine made from berries is 8 points. The harvest is harvested in early or mid-August, used for transportation or sale, consumed fresh or made into wine.
Transfiguration
Super early table grapes ripen 105–110 days from planting. The bushes are medium in size, the buds bloom quickly, the vines are elastic, the flowers are bisexual. The weight of the bunch is about 800 g, the shape is cylindrical. The berries are pink, with a red tint, juicy and sweet. The pulp is dense, contains 2-3 seeds, the juice is colorless. Tasting score: 8.5 points.
To increase productivity, it is recommended to cover the Transfiguration for the winter, and during the flowering period, apply a complex of mineral fertilizers (superphosphate, potassium salt, ammonium nitrate).
Muscat pink
The technical grade Muscat pink is used for making wines, champagne, liqueurs and other drinks. The bushes are medium-sized, the leaves are slightly dissected, there is no pubescence, the flowers are bisexual. The clusters are conical-cylindrical, the weight of one is about 130 g. The berries are round, the peel is thick, with a thick waxy coating. At the beginning of ripening, the berries are pink-red, before harvesting they acquire a rich purple-pink color. The taste is harmonious nutmeg, the juice is colorless.
The variety is valued for its transportability, keeping quality, pleasant taste and ease of care. The recommended growing region is the North Caucasus.
Ultra early varieties of blue grapes
Blue grapes are less common than light grapes (yellow or green). Wines are made from many blue varieties. The crop is grown on an industrial scale on large plantations, as well as in gardens. Let's consider the popular early varieties of blue grapes: Express, Kodryanka and Black Cherry.
Express
The wine grape variety is unpretentious in cultivation and quickly adapts to any climatic conditions. The bushes are vigorous, so planting requires a lot of space. The berries ripen by the end of July or beginning of August, depending on the region of planting. The plant can withstand temperatures down to -35°C and requires trimmings, does not need shelter for the winter. On one shoot, 5-6 buds are formed simultaneously.
The weight of the bunch is 250–350 g, the shape is conical, the color is dark blue, with black tints. The weight of the berry is 2–4 g, the shape is round. The taste is rich, sweet, with a nutmeg aroma. The juice is blue-violet, the pulp is very tender. Express grapes are eaten fresh, dried, and made into juices.
Codrianca
The early ripening variety Kodryanka is grown in the Ural, Lower Volga, and North Caucasus regions.Purpose: table, ripening period - 117 days. The bushes are medium-sized, the leaves are without pubescence. The clusters are moderately dense, weighing about 600 g. The berries are black-blue, round-oval, elastic. The flesh is crispy, each fruit has 2-3 seeds. The taste is rich, sweet, tasting score - 8.2 points.
Codriana is resistant to mildew, but requires shelter for the winter. The variety is early-bearing and produces a harvest 2-3 years after planting. The fruits are transportable and do not crack during transportation.
Black cherry
Hybrid Black Cherry produces a harvest in mid-July. The bush is vigorous, the flowers are bisexual. The vine ripens completely, the survival rate of cuttings is good. The weight of a loose bunch is 750–1000 g, the color is black and purple. The berries have an interesting shape (round with a pointed tip) weigh 10–12 g. The pulp is pinkish, juicy and sweet. The peel is thin but durable, protecting the berries during transportation.
Black cherry begins to bear fruit 2 years after planting. The bush is unpretentious in cultivation and has average frost resistance. Recommended for cultivation in the Moscow region and Leningrad region.
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Description of grape varieties for Krasnodar
Super early varieties for the south of Russia
The southern regions of Russia are an ideal place for growing grapes. The plant loves warm and sunny weather, so the largest and sweetest varieties are cultivated in the Rostov region, Krasnodar and Stavropol territories, and Abkhazia.
Julian
The super early variety Julian ripens in 95–105 days. The berries are used to make compotes, preserves, and jams. The clusters are loose on a long stalk, weight - from 800 g to 2 kg.The fruits are finger-shaped, oblong, berry weight is about 20 g, the color is pinkish-yellow. The pulp is crispy and homogeneous. The berries do not crack after ripening, and the thin skin is not felt when eating the fruit. The taste is pleasant berry, with a strawberry aftertaste. The bones are soft and small. Disease resistance is above average.
Elegant
The heat-loving grape variety Elegant does not require support, but does need regular pruning. The bushes have low or medium vigor, making them suitable for growing in small garden plots. Fruit ripening period is 100–110 days. The clusters are conical, weighing 400–800 g, yellow-pink in color.
Elegant's pulp is juicy, without crunch, the taste is simple, with a slight nutmeg aroma. The skin is elastic, each berry has 3 seeds. Tasting score: 4.2 points out of 5.
Attention! The varieties Tason, Baikonur, Galahad, Zabava, and Arcadia are recommended for planting in the south of Russia. They are unpretentious to grow; warm and sunny weather increases productivity.
Conclusion
The best early grape varieties are Helios, Russian Early, Early TSHA. Their ripening period is approximately 100–110 days, the berries ripen at the same time. Pink varieties include Preobrazhenie and Pink Muscat, and blue varieties include Kodryanka and Express. In the southern regions, Julian and Elegant grapes are grown - the plants are demanding of sunlight. When choosing a crop, it is important to pay attention to reviews from other gardeners, the appearance of the seedling, and care requirements.