What properties should uncovered grape varieties have and which ones are considered the best?
The grapes prefer warm and well-lit garden areas, belong to southern crops and show the highest yield in the south of the country. However, this does not mean that it will not take root in the middle zone - a number of varieties adapt and bear fruit stably in regions with difficult climatic conditions (frost, winds, fogs).
These varieties are called uncovered - they do not require shelter for the winter, the shoots do not freeze, and ripen quickly the next year. We will look at which uncovered grape varieties are recognized as the best and what to look for when choosing.
What are uncovered grape varieties?
Frost resistance of most grape varieties does not exceed -24°C, but some can withstand temperatures as low as -28°C. The vines do not freeze in winter, so there is no need to cover them for the winter. That is why such grapes are called uncovered. It is distributed in all regions - from the south to central Russia, the Urals and Siberia. Gardeners do not need to waste time preparing covering material and carrying out the procedure itself.
Top best
Grapes that do not require shelter for the winter have always been popular among gardeners. It does not cause any trouble, and the yield does not depend on weather and other external factors.
Northern Saperavi
Northern Saperavi belongs to the mid-late varieties; the harvest is harvested in early October.Fruiting is extended, the grapes do not fall off after ripening. The variety is winter-hardy, resistant to mildew, gray rot and oidium. The clusters are medium dense and conical in shape, weighing 105 g. The berries are oval, weighing 1 g, the peel is dark blue, durable, with a waxy coating. The pulp is juicy, each berry contains 2-3 seeds. The taste is pleasant, with a slight sourness. Northern Saperavi is a technical variety, suitable for the production of juices, wines and other grape drinks. The fruits are transportable, do not deteriorate during transportation, and retain their taste and commercial qualities.
Louise Swenson
European-American variety stable to Russian frosts, bears fruit consistently in any region of the country. The ripening period is about 130 days from the moment the buds open. The harvest is harvested in mid or late September. The grapes are technical, but universal in use: suitable for fresh consumption, processing, and making table wines. The clusters are large, cylindrical in shape. The berries are round-oval, the weight of one is about 3 g. The color is white-yellow, the skin is thin, translucent. The pulp is crispy, the taste is pleasant - sweet with a honey-fruit aroma. Louise Swenson is famous for its frost resistance - it can withstand temperatures down to -40°C.
Sharov's riddle
The grape bushes are tall, the shoots ripen quickly and smoothly, and the harvest is harvested in the fall. The leaves are green, medium in size, without pubescence. The flowers are bisexual - the plant does not need wasps and bees to bear fruit. The clusters are winged, the density is loose, the weight is from 150 to 500 g, depending on the growing conditions and compliance with agrotechnical rules. The berries are round, weigh 2-3 g. The pulp is very juicy and tender, melts in the mouth. The color of the fruit is dark blue, the skin is strong with a slight waxy coating.Grapes are processed into wine, juices and compotes, and are also eaten fresh. The variety is valued for its versatility, unpretentiousness and frost resistance.
Attention! Despite the frost resistance of uncovered varieties, it is recommended to carry out root and foliar feeding annually. Strengthen the immune system with the help of mineral fertilizer - 10 liters of water require 65 g of nitrophos and 7 g of boric acid. The components are mixed and applied under the plant at the beginning of flowering. Fertilizing accelerates the ripening of vines and increases productivity.
Winchell
The ripening period is early; in the south of the country the harvest is harvested at the end of August. The bushes are medium-sized, the leaves are large and round in shape, the flowers are bisexual. Neat bushes are grown not only for harvesting, but also for decorative purposes. The shoots ripen quickly. The clusters are cylindrical-conical in shape, very loose, weigh about 300 g. The berries are oval-round, dense, white-green in color. The taste is harmonious and sweet.
Winchell is resistant to common crop diseases and is rarely damaged by insects. When growing, it does not require special skills and quickly adapts to the climatic conditions of the region. Suitable for central Russia, as well as the Vladimir and Volgograd regions.
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Valiant
The American variety Valiant is early ripening and winter-hardy. Ripens by mid or late August and can withstand frosts down to -39°C. The bushes are vigorous with quickly ripening shoots. The ripening period lasts from 130 to 138 days. The weight of the bunch is 100 g, the length of the grape cluster is about 10 cm. The berries are round, dark blue, dense, elastic.The thin skin is easily separated from the pulp, the seeds in the fruit are large. The taste is delicate and harmonious, with a pronounced strawberry aftertaste. Among the disadvantages, susceptibility to mildew is noted - it is recommended to carry out preventive measures.
Maurice Early
Early ripening table grapes are universal in use - suitable for fresh consumption, processing, and transportation. The fruits are used to make jams and preserves. Maurice Early ripens at the end of September, the clusters are conical and medium in size. The berries are small, black-violet in color. The taste is original - sweet with an aftertaste of the famous Isabella grapes. Frost resistance of uncovered grapes is down to -36°C, the variety is suitable for planting in the middle zone of the country, Moscow region, Ural and Siberian regions. Maurice Early is grown for personal use and sale. Planting and care do not require special skills.
Lucille
The variety is universal, it is valued for the attractive appearance of the fruit, frost resistance, immunity to gray rot, aphids, wasps, and powdery mildew. The clusters are oval, weight varies from 300 to 900 g. The weight of the berry is about 3 g, the shape is round, the color is pink-lilac. The skin is hard and thick, the seeds are small. Lucille has a simple taste, with a sour aftertaste. Grapes are grown primarily as an ornamental plant - seedlings are placed near arches, gazebos and other garden buildings. The fruits are used to produce wine and juice.
Attention! Any grape can develop fungal and viral diseases. Simple agrotechnical measures help protect it from mildew (downy mildew): removing fallen leaves, removing weeds, and timely formation of bushes.Spraying with fungicides helps protect against rust and oidium.
Lydia, or Isabella the pink
Lydia grapes are grown for harvest and to decorate the garden plot. The bushes are medium-sized, green leaves are dissected into 3 lobes. The clusters are small, the density is loose, the shape is cylindrical, the average weight is 100 g. The berries are round-oval, pink-violet in color. The pulp is juicy and slimy, the taste is sweet with a pleasant strawberry aftertaste. The weight of the berry is about 4 g, the skin is durable with a waxy coating.
Lydia grows in any soil and does not require special care. The dense skin protects the berry from damage, so the grapes are transported over long distances and grown for sale. Gardeners recommend picking berries immediately after ripening. Recommended growing region - Krasnodar Territory, Rostov Region.
Amethyst
Table super early variety ripens in 90-100 days. The bushes are tall, the shoots ripen quickly along the entire length. They have light brown, green leaves that are wrinkled and curved. The flowers are bisexual, so pollination occurs annually without wasps and bees. The clusters are large, on a short stalk, average weight - 300 g. The shape is cylindrical, the density is average. The berries are dark pink with a purple tint, weighing from 6 to 8 g. The pulp is juicy and crispy, fleshy. The taste is sweet and sour, harmonious, with a pleasant nutmeg aftertaste. Tasting rating of Amethyst grapes - 8 points out of 10. Frost resistance - down to -25°C.
The best early-ripening, mid-ripening, late-ripening grape varieties
The best early ripening, uncovered varieties are Stremennoy, Muscat Moskovsky, Kubattik. Their ripening period does not exceed 110 days, the vines ripen together and quickly.Summer residents value these varieties not only for their early ripening, but also for their resistance to phylloxera and oidium, wasps and aphids. The berries are large, with a pleasant taste and aroma.
Mid-season grapes include Andreevsky and Amur Proryv grapes.. Uncovered varieties are used for home production; seedlings are suitable for growing in any region. Grapes are universal in use; juices, preserves, and jams are prepared from the fruits.
The best late-ripening uncovered varieties - Rubin Azos and Pobeditel. They have increased winter hardiness and high immunity to diseases. Grapes are unpretentious in cultivation, which attracts amateur winegrowers and ordinary gardeners.
Wine and dining
Wine varieties are used in winemaking - dry and semi-dry wines, as well as champagne and cognac, are prepared from the fruits. The fruits have a pleasant nutmeg aroma and a tart aftertaste. Popular wine varieties are Aroma of Summer and Ryabinsky. The juice of the fruit is colorless, the pulp is tender, the taste is original. Fruiting continues for a long time; after ripening, the berries do not crumble or crack.
Table grapes are recommended for fresh consumption and have attractive commercial qualities. Varieties Bashkirsky and Alexander do not require special skills for planting and are easy to grow. They are characterized by increased resistance to diseases and pests and are used for transportation.
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White, dark, pink
White grape variety Annushka ripens in August, intended for table use. The berries are white, oval, with a harmonious and pleasant taste. Annushka’s tasting score is 8.2 points.They also distinguish the white variety Bogotyanovsky with light yellow fruits with a green tint, ovoid, large. The pulp is tender and juicy, the juice is colorless. The berries are suitable for transportation, sale, and long-term storage. The purpose is universal.
Dark grade Anthracite looks beautiful on the vine: the fruits are blue-black, the berries are egg-shaped. The clusters are conical, the weight of one is about 750 g. The flowers of the variety are bisexual, the yield is stable. Does not require shelter in the southern regions of the country. Another popular dark variety is Zelenolugsky ruby. The ripening period is early, the bushes are tall. The berries are rounded and elongated. Resistant to phylloxera and other diseases, rarely damaged by wasps.
Varieties Lunar and Muscat pink transportable and unpretentious in cultivation. Strong vines ripen quickly, the berries do not fall off. The varieties are frost-resistant and are characterized by increased immunity to downy mildew. Attractive pink fruits are suitable for any type of processing.
Best for different growing regions
For cultivation in regions with frosts and sudden cold snaps, the Muromets or Yubileiny varieties are chosen. They are early ripening, harvested in late August or early September. Fruiting lasts from 2 to 3 weeks. Frost resistance of varieties is down to -28°C, immunity is strong.
Rochefort and Skungub 6 varieties are suitable for central Russia. Frost resistance is above average, plants quickly adapt to the climatic conditions of the region. The size of the harvest is affected by the amount of organic and mineral fertilizers applied.
For the southern lands, the varieties Platovsky, Narma, Morastel are chosen. Plants show the greatest productivity in warm and sunny summer conditions.Grapes are grown for personal consumption and for industrial purposes - for sale and transportation.
On the arch
Arch grapes are winter-hardy and have an attractive appearance. Beautiful vines will decorate a garden arch, gazebo, house or garage. One of the common varieties is Elegant. The bushes are medium-sized, the vines are long and strong. The berries are large, round-oval, green. The taste is nutmeg, the flesh is juicy. The weight of the bunch reaches 700 g. Frost resistance - down to -26°C.
The arched variety Galbena No is also popular. Tall bushes with large green leaves. The weight of the berry is about 8 g, the color is amber-white, the aroma is nutmeg. The grapes are resistant to diseases, frost resistance down to -25°C. It grows well on loamy and sandy soils and is unpretentious in care.
Seedless
- Seedless grapes are ideal for fresh consumption and processing. The Kesha variety is early ripening, ripening time is about 115 days. The berries are green, juicy and tender, round in shape. The brushes are dense and large, the average weight of one is 600 g. During the summer, Kesha produces up to 7 kg of harvest per plant. It is not damaged by wasps, is frost-resistant, and has a universal purpose.
- Variety Jupiter famous for its beautiful and smooth berries of a rich purple hue. Plants begin to bear fruit early and are rarely affected by fungal diseases. The clusters are conical, semi-loose. The waxy coating and dense peel protect against cracking and insect pests.
How to choose an uncovered grape variety
When choosing a variety, pay attention to the ripening period, care requirements, appearance of the fruit, and their taste. For regions with cool and short summers, early-ripening frost-resistant varieties are chosen, for the south - late, for central Russia - mid-ripening.For fresh consumption, seedless table grapes or grapes with small seeds are planted; any berries are suitable for processing. For the production of wine and juice - technical (wine) varieties.
If grapes are grown for sale, pay attention to their appearance. The berries should have a dense peel, elastic pulp, and a waxy coating. Fruits with thin skin are better suited for processing.
Conclusion
Before purchasing a new variety, it is recommended to study its description and photos, and read reviews from other gardeners. Uncovered grapes have always been popular - they are frost-resistant, unpretentious, and show stable yields every year. The best non-covering varieties are Sharova’s Riddle, Valiant, Maurice Earley. Both experienced and novice winegrowers can grow a good harvest. These grapes are grown in the Urals, in Siberia, Central region, southern lands. Many came to Russia from selection in Ukraine or Belarus.