Uncovered grape varieties for the Leningrad region
For growing grapes, choose areas with loose and nutritious soil. It is recommended to place plantings on sunny lands, located away from marshy areas and groundwater - waterlogging harms the plant and increases the risk of developing fungal and viral diseases.
Some varieties are non-covered and are frost-resistant - they are grown in open ground. Others are planted only in greenhouses - such grapes do not tolerate sudden changes in weather and frost. In the article we will consider the best covering and non-covering grape varieties for the Leningrad region, the features of their cultivation.
The best grape varieties for the Leningrad region
Before planting any variety, it is recommended to study its characteristics: the size and taste of the fruits, the shape and weight of the bunches, nuances of cultivation. Some require regular feeding, while others bear fruit consistently only in the presence of pollinating insects.
Uncovered and early varieties
Non-covering varieties are those that do not require shelter for the winter. These grape varieties tolerate spring frosts, winds, and heavy rains well.
Ryabinsky
The variety is technical, ideal for processing - juices, dry and semi-dry wines, and champagne are prepared from the fruits. The ripening period is early, summer residents harvest in the second ten days of August. The leaves are small with bristly pubescence, the flowers are bisexual. The clusters are loose, small, conical in shape, weighing about 170 g.
The berries are oval, white-green in color, the pulp is juicy with seeds.The juice is colorless, the tasting rating of dry wine made from Ryabinsky is 7.5 points. Immunity to diseases and pests is average; grapes are rarely damaged by wasps and aphids. When growing, it does not require special skills.
Strepenny
The early-ripening grape variety Stremennoy is valued for its frost resistance, strong immunity to diseases, and stable yield. The bushes are medium-sized, the leaves are pubescent, the flowers are bisexual. The shape of the bunch is cylindrical-conical, weight is about 160 g, the berries are small and oval, the color is white.
Stremenny is a technical variety, the crop is used for processing and transportation. The strong light skin protects the fruits from cracking; after ripening, the grapes do not fall off. To increase productivity, it is recommended to regularly prune the bush.
Attention! Experienced summer residents recommend buying seedlings only in trusted places. The best option is a 2-3 year old seedling, elastic and thin, green. It should be smooth, without stains or signs of rot, cracks or dents.
Anniversary
The ripening period for Jubilee grapes varies from 130 to 160 days. A table variety, the harvest is used fresh and for processing - jams, jams, and marshmallows are prepared. The bushes are vigorous, the leaves are elongated with bristly pubescence.
The weight of the conical bunch is 120 g, the density is average. The berries are round-oval, golden-green in color. The pulp is crispy and juicy, sweet, tasting score of the variety is 8.5 points. The juice is colorless, there are few seeds. Jubilee is distinguished by its immunity to mildew and phylloxera and its attractive commercial qualities.
Skungub 6
The variety is early ripening and harvested by mid-August. The bushes are vigorous, the leaves are pubescent, dark green.The bunch is of medium density, weight about 240 g, cylindrical-conical shape. The berries are large, round, black-red in color. The pulp is juicy and tender, the taste is sweet, score 8.1 points.
Skungub 6 is universal in use - suitable for fresh consumption, transportation, and processing. It is recommended to regularly carry out preventive measures - spray the plantings with a solution of Bordeaux mixture to protect against insect pests.
Varieties for the greenhouse
Varieties that are sensitive to weather changes are planted in the greenhouse. They are not suitable for planting in open ground because they do not tolerate frost well. In the conditions of the Leningrad region, greenhouse grapes bear fruit consistently.
Chrysolite
Table variety, universal in use. Summer residents prepare desserts and drinks, baked goods and confitures from grapes. The ripening period is mid-early, the harvest is harvested after August 10. The bushes are medium-sized, the leaves are wrinkled, the flowers are bisexual.
The clusters are conical, large, weighing about 600 g. The berries are large, ovoid, green-yellow. The pulp is tender and juicy, the taste is pleasant with nutmeg notes. Chrysolite's juice is colorless and there are few seeds. Tasting score of grapes: 8.6 points. In addition to processing, the berries are transported and sold - thanks to the dense peel and waxy coating, the harvest does not spoil.
Transfiguration
The bushes are medium-sized with glossy rich green leaves. The flowers are bisexual, the harvest does not depend on pollinating insects. The weight of the bunch is 800 g, the shape is conical-cylindrical. The berries are oval, large, weighing about 10 g. The color is pink, attractive. The pulp is fleshy, there is no aftertaste. Tasting score of the variety is 8.5 points. The ripening period is early, the fruits are harvested by mid-August.Pastille, jelly, marmalade are made from grapes, or the berries are simply preserved for the winter in sugar syrup.
Attention! It is recommended to choose early and extra-early varieties for planting in a greenhouse. The seedlings are planted in rows, leaving a distance from the wall of at least 0.5 m. The suitable temperature for planting greenhouse grapes is +10°C. It is important to regularly ventilate the structure to maintain a healthy microclimate and prevent stuffiness.
Alexander
The variety is a table variety, early ripening, the growing season lasts 130-160 days. The bushes are vigorous, with large dark green leaves. Due to its large size, the distance between plantings should be at least 1.5 m.
The clusters are cylindrical, branched, weight 135 g. The berries are dark pink, round, with crispy and aromatic pulp. Alexander grapes have a harmonious taste, tasting score 8.5 points. The variety is resistant to gray rot, powdery mildew, mildew, and phylloxera. Rarely damaged by wasps, aphids, and mites. The tall variety needs to be tied to trellises.
Annushka
The bushes are medium-sized, the leaves are small. Annushka is picky about the planting site and prefers loose and light soils. The clusters are medium dense, conical-cylindrical, weighing about 240 g. The berries are oval, white, thin peel is visible in the sun. The pulp is juicy, the seeds are medium-sized, the taste is delicate and harmonious. Annushka’s tasting score is 8.2 points. The plant bears fruit consistently, the harvest is suitable for fresh consumption and processing.
Planting grapes in the Leningrad region
The yield of grapes is influenced by the choice of planting site, timing, soil condition, and its composition. To prevent the plant from getting sick and to bear fruit consistently, it is recommended to follow simple rules.
When is the best time to plant: spring, summer or autumn
In the Leningrad region, grapes are planted in the spring, when the air temperature warms up to +12°C. Under such conditions, seedlings quickly adapt to climatic conditions and take root on the site. Grapes are planted with a lump on the roots so that the roots are not damaged. The plant is shaded for the first 10-20 days, otherwise the tender seedlings will burn in the sun. As protection, summer residents use plywood, boards or other available material. After 3 weeks, the shelter is removed.
Some gardeners planting grapes before winter - this planting method is suitable for warm areas. If you plant grapes in winter in cool and humid regions, the young seedlings may freeze. In summer, grapes are also rarely planted.
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How to plant correctly
Grapes are planted on hilly areas. Summer residents prepare a hole 30 cm deep and 50 cm in diameter. Prepare a drainage layer of broken brick, gravel or small stone - it provides ventilation and distribution of moisture in the soil. Suitable soil for grapes is sandy or peaty. The seedlings are deepened by 20-25 cm, the roots are covered with a 15 cm layer of soil. After planting, the seedlings are watered abundantly with warm water, after a week the watering is repeated and the plantings are mulched with mowed grass.
Attention! In the first year, it is recommended to point the vines vertically upward to enhance shoot growth. A pole is stuck into the hole, to which young vines are tied.
How to care for grapes in the Leningrad region, features of care, timing
Caring for grapes involves timely pruning, watering and fertilizing. Let's consider how to prune grapes in the summer in the Leningrad region and what fertilizers the berries prefer.
Trimming
Pruning grapes increases yield, stimulates the growth of new shoots, and protects against diseases and pests. There are several types of grape pruning:
- short - gardeners trim all shoots so that no more than 4 eyes remain on each;
- medium - up to 8 eyes are left on each;
- long - up to 50 eyes.
One of the popular methods is mixed pruning. With it, gardeners combine long and short, the plant regularly renews its shoots. Uncovered varieties cut in summer, cover ones in autumn. It is recommended to make cuts so that they look into the plant and not out. Cropped arrows must be free of visual damage.
Watering and fertilizing
The number of waterings depends on the amount of precipitation and temperature. If the summer turns out to be humid and hot, then 3-4 waterings during the ripening period are sufficient. If the weather is dry - from 5 to 7 waterings. It is recommended to water the bushes in the evening or in the morning with water at room temperature. If you use cold water from a spring or well, the plant will receive heat shock, which will negatively affect the yield. The watering depth should be at least 40 cm. With increased growth of green branches, moisture is reduced.
Attention! Signs of overwatering of grapes - many stepsons form on the bushes, the vines ripen poorly, the fruits are not covered with the color characteristic of the variety.
Three times during the summer, summer residents apply root fertilizers. Installed drip irrigation systems or drainage pipes help with this. If there are no structures, a ditch 25 cm deep at a distance of 0.5 m from the bush will do. The first feeding consists of urea and superphosphate in a ratio of 90:60.They are separately dissolved in water and then mixed. The second feeding consists of 100 g of ammonium nitrate and 50 g of potassium sulfate - minerals stimulate fruit development. The third feeding is based on the preparations “Kemira” or “Novofert”.
Among foliar fertilizers, a solution of wood ash, potassium permanganate and iodine is popular. Spraying protects shrubs from powdery mildew and gray rot, mildew and phylloxera. Natural fungicides strengthen the immunity of grapes.
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Features of growing in a greenhouse
The main rule for growing grapes in a greenhouse is to regularly ventilate it with an open door or window. To protect from the hot sun, special darkened nets are used. Throughout the summer, the plant is watered no more than once a week, otherwise the grapes will get sick. Along with watering, fertilizers are applied - potassium, nitrogen or complex mineral fertilizers.
If the variety is not self-fertile, then the grapes are pollinated by hand - the pollen is shaken off, collected in the palm of the hand and transferred to the flowers. 2-3 times during the summer, greenhouse grapes are pruned, weak and dry shoots and shoots are removed.
Conclusion
Landing, care and pruning of grapes in the Leningrad region are simple processes, but require compliance with a number of rules. Pay attention to the appearance of the seedling, choose the appropriate variety, read reviews of other summer residents. Uncovered varieties are planted in open ground, while covered varieties are planted in a greenhouse. A hole with a drainage layer and loose soil is prepared for the plant.During the summer, the plantings are watered with warm water, fertilized with mineral and organic fertilizers, and preventive measures are taken to protect against diseases and pests.